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   "source": "(oop)=\n\n# OOP Principles\n\nClasses alone do not make a program object-oriented. This chapter names and illustrates the core object-oriented principles: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction, with concrete C# examples.\n\n- **Encapsulation**: Objects protect their internal state and expose a controlled public surface.\n- **Inheritance**: A derived class can reuse and specialize behavior from a base class.\n- **Polymorphism**: Code can work with a general type while runtime objects provide specific behavior.\n- **Abstraction**: Interfaces and abstract classes describe capabilities without committing to one implementation.\n- **Composition**: Modern C# often favors combining small objects over building deep inheritance trees.\n\nThe goal is conceptual clarity and practical design judgment, especially knowing when interfaces and composition are cleaner than deep hierarchies.\n"
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   "source": "<h2>Video</h2>\n\n```{eval-rst}\n.. youtube:: PmKlPGp0O5w\n   :width: 560\n   :height: 315\n```\n\n> *[C# for Beginners – Lesson 15: Inheritance, Polymorphism & Abstraction](https://youtube.com/watch?v=PmKlPGp0O5w)* by Mike's Code.\n>\n> This video remains hosted on YouTube and is the property of its original creator or rightsholder; it is embedded here via YouTube's official player for educational reference only.\n",
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   "source": "<h2>Learning Objectives</h2>\n\nBy the end of this chapter, you will be able to:\n1. Explain the four major object-oriented principles with concrete examples\n2. Relate encapsulation to the class design practiced in the Classes chapter\n3. Create a small inheritance hierarchy with base and derived classes\n4. Use overriding or interfaces to support polymorphic behavior\n5. Explain why composition and interfaces are often preferred over deep inheritance\n"
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   "source": "<h2>Chapter Flow</h2>\n\n```{tableofcontents}\n```\n"
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